The third Muslim month of Rabi al-Awwal holds special significance;
Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. was born on its twelfth day. While Muslims
universally agree on its significance, there is little agreement on how
the day should be observed.
In many Muslim societies, Mauludul Nabi is celebrated with all
the exuberance of a major festival, with elaborate celebrations and joyous
activities. Malaysia has public parades with believers singing praises of
the prophet s.a.w. and glittering ceremonies honoring exemplary citizens.
It is also a public holiday. In the Middle East, festivities of Mauludul
Nabi rival that of Eid.
There are those who believe that as Muslims we should always be mindful of
the prophet's teachings and exemplary ways every single day of our life;
his birthday should therefore be no different from any other day.
Celebrations or expressions of joy were frowned upon if not condemned as
aping the Christians with their Christmas. That Holy Day has today
degenerated into another highly commercialized holiday, its religious
foundation all but forgotten.
In my small California community, for Mauldul Nabi we had a potluck dinner
with our imam giving a short lecture recalling the sterling exemplary
qualities of our prophet s.a.w. We did not "celebrate" as much as honor
the day. With that we were able to accommodate the differing views among
our congregants.
Attitude towards the prophet's birthday is not the only issue that divides
our ummah. There are also profound juristic differences (ikhtilaf). In
Pakistan, the Ismailis were once declared as heretics; today the Shiites
are branded as kafir (infidel) – a particularly derogatory term.
Meanwhile in Malaysia, you are considered less a Muslim if not an
outright kafir if you are not attired in a particular fashion.
In this season of Mauludal Nabi, we would do well to recall how the
prophet s.a.w. and those closest to him dealt with differences among
them.
He was able to establish a viable community in Medinah by creatively
managing the differences not only among Muslims (between the immigrant
Meccans and native Medinans) but also between Muslims and non-Muslims.
For the Muslims, he emphasized the commonalities among them, while with
non-Muslims he accepted those differences and accommodated them.
Degree of Differences
Before we could creatively manage our differences we need to first
understand them, their bases and dynamics. At one extreme are those
differences that arise through ignorance. The solution is as obvious as
it is simple: better education. At one time the Christians were wrecked
with divisions between those who believed the earth was flat versus those
who thought it was round. With better knowledge, that issue is settled.
Today the earth is flat only metaphorically, as per Thomas Friedman.
Caliph Omar once asserted that the prophet said to him that the dead would
bear the burden of those who wailed at his or her funeral. The prophet's
wife Aishah rebutted by referring to the Quranic verse that says
(approximately translated) no soul should bear the burden of another.
This incident highlights a number of relevant points. One, we should not
hesitate correcting our leaders if we feel they have erred. This
reminder is more for leaders. Two, hadiths are not what the prophet
s.a.w had uttered, rather what the chain of narrators (isnad) claimed to
be the sayings of the prophet. (Exceptions would be hadith qudzi
documented in the Quran.) This difference is subtle yet profound. It
led to the labeling of those who critically analyzed the hadith as
"anti-hadith" and thus "us-Islamic." Last, we are blessed in Islam to
have an ultimate point of reference not in an authority figure as the
Pope, rather a set of documents that was set down at and had remained
unchanged since the prophet's time, and which we believe to be God's
word. Our fatwas, practices, and hadiths must be validated against the
Quran.
In enlightening someone, it is just as important to provide the correct
knowledge as in delivering it. A story is related that the prophet's
grandsons Hussain and Hassan once observed an older man performing
ablution incorrectly. They wanted to correct him but were afraid lest he
would be offended. They devised a plan to have the man judge them as to
who was better at performing ablution. As the two proceeded to perform
their ablution, the old man suddenly discovered that he had been
performing his incorrectly. The lesson was effectively imparted.
Often in our self-righteousness and zeal to correct others, we may
inadvertently turn them off.
Living With Our Differences
At the other extreme is where the differences are so profound as to be
irreconcilable, as one being a believer and the other, an atheist. No
amount of education or debate could change that. In the language of
social science, that is an "indivisible conflict." It is much more
dangerous precisely because it cannot be reconciled. Religious and civil
wars are vicious and difficult to resolve because they are based on
indivisible conflicts.
Atheists and believers may have profound differences in their personal
beliefs, nonetheless that should not stop them from affording each other
the common courtesies as fellow human beings. The goodwill generated
through such social interactions would transcend their profound
differences in beliefs, or make those differences irrelevant. As to who
would end up in Heaven, that is the prerogative of God, and only His.
Meanwhile they get to enjoy peace on earth.
When the prophet found that the divine revelations he received were
irreconcilable with the existing beliefs of his fellow tribesmen, and he
was unable to convert them, he chose (or instructed to by God) to move
away rather than risk fratricide. Thus began the Hijrah.
Between these two extremes of irreconcilable differences and one based on
ignorance lie the bulk of the disagreements that divide us. One is of
the old half-full versus half-empty glass variety. The reality is the
same, only our perceptions differ. We bring different beliefs, cultures,
and experiences to bear on our perceptions. The solution here would be to
learn and appreciate the perspective of others.
A related source of difference is illustrated thus. There is a place in
Alaska where the qiblat could either be southeast, if we go by the usual
Mercator projection of wall maps, or northwest over the pole if we use
Google Earth.
The solution in this instance would be to go with the majority and pray
that Allah accepts your prayers. There would be chaos if one half of the
congregation were to face one way and the other half, the opposite. Heed
the wisdom of the Quran: Allah will not allow His community be in error.
Go with the consensus.
The recurring dispute over whether Ramadan and Eid should be based on moon
sighting or calculations falls into this category.
A comparable disagreement arose during the prophet's time. In a widely
quoted narration, the prophet instructed his followers on a journey to
pray Asar at Bani Quraizah. The party however was delayed and Asar time
came while they were enroute. Disagreement arose as to whether they
should stop and pray or wait till they reach their destination. Half
stopped to pray and the other half did not. At the end of their journey
they sought the prophet's advice and was told that both were correct.
These days hardly a gathering goes by without someone lamenting on the
lack of Muslim unity. If only we were united and not divided into the
various sects, our problems would go away. On the contrary, as in the
biological world, the success of Islam is precisely because of our
diversity. It is this that makes Islam universal, adaptable to the
nomadic Bedouin tribesmen, the tropical Malaysian fishermen, and dwellers
of Mongolian steppes.
We should view differences amongst us as a sign of Allah's Grace, as
eloquently stated in the Quran. We should go beyond mere tolerating to
embracing it. We should expand our horizon and view our differences in
generous terms. As with America, our diversity is our strength, not our
weakness. Muslim unity does not mean and should not lead to Muslim
unanimity.
----------------------------------------------------------------
This e-mail has been sent via JARING webmail at http://www.jaring.my
No comments:
Post a Comment