M. Bakri Musa
In his celebrated novel Ranjau Sepanjang Jalan (RSJ – Spikes Throughout
the Pathway), Shahnon Ahmad chronicles the seemingly endless traps of
poverty endured by a kampong family. Or in his elegant words,
"bencana-bencana yang tidak bisa langsai selagi jantung berdegup [dan]
nadi berdenyut … " (never ending cycle of calamities endured as long as
your heart beats and pulse throbs). Shahnon asserts that the pain could
only be felt by those willing to reflect on and empathize with the
struggles of our pap-pak tani (peasant farmers).
This thought haunts me as I reflect on the hoopla surrounding the recent
UMNO General Assembly. The soaring rhetoric of "1-Malaysia" and of
reform is a universe away from the world inhabited by RSJ's main
character, Lahuma. The irony strikes hard as the Lahumas are the very
people UMNO professes to champion.
The biting irony does not end there. Many of the Assembly participants,
including the high-flying ones, are only a generation or two away from
the deprivations so painfully detailed in RSJ. Those agonizing memories
must have been seared into them by their parents and grandparents. That
should motivate anyone to do something to alleviate the debilitating
poverty still experienced by so many today.
Yet I did not sense even an inkling of that sentiment at this grand
gathering of self-declared "defenders of the Malays." Even more bizarre
is that these UMNO delegates still have friends and relatives in
abundance who continue to suffer the pain of peasant life. And let's
face it, stripped of their political patronages many of the currently
high-living delegates would be reduced to a Lahuma existence overnight.
I doubt that many of the delegates have heard of Shahnon Ahmad, let alone
read his novels. Hence they would not know what I am writing about. I
once tried to buy his books at one of KL's major bookstores, only to be
greeted by the sales clerk's response of, "Shahnon siapa?" (Who?) A
stinging indictment of our education system!
Thus a brief summary of RSJ is warranted before proceeding. The book
describes the endless cascading calamities of droughts, floods, and
infestations suffered by one poor farmer (Lahuma). His tragedy (but not
the book) ends with his unnecessary death, from an untreated trifling
sliver injury. His demise compounds the anguish of his wife, who goes
berserk and ends up being locked in a cage by her fellow villagers.
Shahnon's depiction of the tyranny of poverty is a universal theme. We
see this in John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, the travails of a
sharecropper's family in drought-stricken Oklahoma of the Depression era,
and Pearl S. Buck's The Good Earth, also about a peasant family, this time
in pre-revolution China.
Today, the descendents of Steinbeck's Tom Joad are busy running the
thriving agro-businesses in San Joaquin Valley, while Buck's Wang Lung's
grandchildren are actively trading in US Treasury papers.
In contrast, Lahuma's cicit (great grandchildren) are still scraping a
harsh living in their disintegrating kampong; his fears of their being
reduced to begging painfully prescient. Over half a century of
unchallenged UMNO leadership, Malays are reduced to begging: begging for
handouts from their government, begging for economic scraps from
non-Malays, and begging for respect from others.
UMNO leaders may have been to Oxford and resided in sophisticated
capitals of the world, alas scratch their hide and the 'kampongness'
oozes out of the pores. They are still trapped by the same cultural
genes as Lahuma's. Where he is crippled by religious fatalism – "Mati
hidup dan susah senang dipegang oleh Tuhan" (Life and death, hardship and
ease, are in Allah's hands) – UMNO members are ensnared by the political
variety. They believe their fate is in the hands of the party; it is
their savior, their new god – UMNO dulu, kini, dan selama nya! (UMNO –
Then, now, and forever!)
To UMNO folks, the party has replaced Allah as the source of bounty and
benevolence, as well as the punisher and decider of their fate. Corrupt
leaders are forgiven not by Allah but by the party. The benevolence does
not end there. Isa Samad had his political corruption sentence reduced,
and then he was rewarded to be the party's election candidate. Khairy
Jamaluddin had his "money politics" conviction essentially pardoned, and
then blessed by being head of UMNO Youth!
With such compelling examples, no wonder UMNO members turn to their new
god with the gusto of a fresh convert. Just as Lahuma would never
question Allah's design, UMNO members too would not dare question their
god and risking his wrath.
There was one obvious departure with this recent Assembly. Gone were the
obligatory race-taunting theatrics, shrill calls for defending the 'honor'
of the Malays, and other ugly chauvinistic displays. Time will tell
whether this shift represented a change of heart or tactic.
My take is that this is more of the latter. For one, UMNO leaders have
not been known to utter anything sensible. When they do, one wonders
whether it comes from within or merely the parroting of poll-tested
printouts from their public relations hire. For another, there is a huge
gulf between what those leaders preach and practice.
UMNO's latest obsession is combating corruption and rejuvenating the
party. At least that is the impression their leaders give. Yet when
given an opportunity to demonstrate its resolve, as with the recent
by-election in Bagan Pinang, the party chose a tired and tainted
character to be its standard bearer. I would have thought that it would
pick someone who best exemplified the "new, rejuvenated" UMNO.
In judging UMNO leaders (and thus Prime Ministers), there was only one
who understood the plight of our Lahumas. Because he understood them,
Tun Razak was able to craft imaginative and effective policies, such as
his massive rural development schemes, in particular FELDA.
The Tun's massive expansion of educational opportunities (Gerakan Lampu
Suloh – Operation Torch) brought light to the families of the Lahumas,
enabling them to escape the trap of poverty. His expansion of health
facilities in rural areas (Klinik Desa) ensured that they would not die
unnecessarily from simple treatable diseases.
Tun Razak did not belittle or poke fun at the cultural beliefs or
biological heritage of the villagers. While they fervently believed that
their fate was in Allah's hands, Tun Razak demonstrated there was much
that his government could do to persuade if not prod Allah to alter that
destiny. He was more persuaded by another Quranic verse: Allah would
not change the condition of a people unless they first make an effort at
it. As leader, Tun Razak felt a great obligation to help his people
change their conditions by bringing education, health care, and
development to the villages.
He could not care less about Malay leadership, Ketuanan Melayu, Glokal
Malay, or any other cutesy slogans. Take care of those three basics
(health, education and economic development), and the rest will take care
of themselves. There are no shortcuts; stunt or showy development
projects cannot replace the real need for improving our schools and
healthcare, or bringing development to rural areas.
Now that the delegates are back home to savor the memories of their brief
moments in the limelight, I am left wondering what specifically did they
do that would directly impact the lives of our villagers. None! The Pak
Lahumas would continue enduring their dreary life, one that has remained
unchanged for the past half a century under UMNO rule, save for Tun
Razak's brief tenure. If UMNO gets its way, that life will remain the
same for the next few generations.
Pondering the fate and empathizing with the plight of our pak-pak tani
are furthest away from the thoughts of these UMNO leaders. They will
however, make a brief and perfunctory show of both come election time,
when our Lahumas can expect gifts of kain pelakat, in return for their
votes of course.
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